Boosting heifer fertility - expert tips from K-state

By Scout Nelson

Getting heifers ready for breeding can be a challenge, but with the right approach, success is within reach. The Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute's specialists shared their wisdom on the Cattle Chat podcast, focusing on methods to stimulate estrus cycles in heifers.

A critical first step is conducting a pre-breeding examination six to eight weeks before breeding season. This exam assesses the reproductive health and overall condition of the heifers, who typically begin cycling at 12-13 months of age. 

For heifers lagging in weight and maturity, beef cattle nutritionist Phillip Lancaster suggests adding grain to their diet to achieve a weight gain of 1.5 to 2 pounds daily.
This strategy could lead to a significant 100-pound increase over 45 to 60 days. Incorporating ionophores into their feed is another recommendation. These supplements enhance rumen fermentation, boosting blood glucose levels and encouraging earlier onset of estrus cycles.

Veterinarian Brian Lubbers highlights the importance of a robust deworming program. By reducing energy lost to parasites, heifers can use their calories more efficiently, promoting better weight gain and health.

Exposing heifers to an older bull or a vasectomized bull can also encourage earlier puberty, according to veterinarian Bob Larson. Though the effect is modest, it can be beneficial for heifers nearing their cycling phase.

Larson also advocates for using estrus synchronization protocols, like MGA (melengestrol acetate) through feed or a CIDR device, to regulate and induce estrus. While MGA requires consistent daily feeding for effectiveness, CIDRs offer a more direct approach with a higher cost but greater reliability.

Given the expenses associated with estrous synchronization and artificial insemination, its wise to reassess heifers readiness closer to breeding time, especially if they were behind in their pre-breeding exam.  This double-check ensures resources are invested wisely, targeting heifers with the best chance of successful breeding.

By following these expert recommendations, cattle producers can enhance fertility rates in heifers, leading to improved breeding results and healthier herds.

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