New research project protects grain from pests

By Scout Nelson

Researchers from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Kansas State University have started a study to strengthen biosecurity protocols against the khapra beetle and the bigger grain borer, two significant pests that have harmed America's food supply for many years.

Led by Kansas State professor Tom Phillips, the $799,976 project is funded by the USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The goal is to develop strategies to mitigate the spread of these pests, which infest stored grain after harvest, as well as value-added grain products.

America's struggle against the khapra beetle dates to the 1950s when $125 million was spent to eradicate the pest in southwestern states. Meanwhile, the larger grain borer has been increasingly spotted crossing the southern border from Central and South America.

“There are very few invasive or quarantine stored product insects,” said Rob Morrison, a USDA research entomologist. “However, khapra beetle and larger grain borer are two species of concern. Both are highly destructive; the larger grain borer feeds mostly on corn and cassava, while the khapra beetle is much less selective.”

Morrison also noted that the rise in global trade has led to an increase in khapra beetle discoveries. The World Conservation Union even lists the khapra beetle as one of the world’s 100 worst invasive species.

Kansas State’s project focuses on upgrading monitoring techniques using automated, remote trapping devices. Researchers will also explore new fumigants, as the phase-out of methyl bromide—a highly effective but ozone-depleting chemical—has created a gap in pest control.

“Methyl bromide was removed due to environmental concerns, and there is no current alternative as effective,” said Phillips. “These pests could significantly damage grain trade and our economy if not controlled.”

The five-year project, running through 2029, brings together experts such as Alison Gerken, Deanna Scheff, and Christos Athanassiou. Together, they aim to protect key food staples like bread and cereals from these pests, ensuring the security of America's grain industry and preventing increases in food costs.

“If these pests enter the food supply, they could raise food costs and harm the grain industry by limiting exports,” Morrison explained.

Photo Credit:usda