By Jamie Martin
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease that damages wheat and barley crops across the world. It reduces grain yields and releases toxins harmful to humans and animals. Now, scientists have found a key fungal protein that plays a major role in spreading this disease.
In a new study, researchers discovered a fungal protease called FgTPP1 that helps the fungus Fusarium graminearum infect crops. This protein weakens the plant’s immune system by attacking the chloroplast, a part of the plant responsible for both energy and immunity.
FgTPP1 was found to be essential for infection. When scientists removed the gene responsible for producing this protein, the fungus became much weaker and caused less disease. This makes FgTPP1 a powerful target for new disease-fighting tools.
“What excites us most is that this effector protease not only promotes disease but also targets a specialized plant cell structure known as the chloroplast, which is an unexpected and strategic location for disarming the plant’s immune system,” Helm said.
This discovery marks the first time scientists have identified a fungal protein from F. graminearum that directly suppresses plant defences by targeting the chloroplast. It also opens the door to “decoy” engineering—creating crops that trick the fungus or resist its attacks.
The protein is found in many fungal species, so this research could help protect more than just wheat and barley. It brings scientists closer to the goal of protecting food supplies from serious crop diseases, especially in the face of climate change.
This new knowledge lays the groundwork for developing strong, disease-resistant grain crops through bioengineering.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-eugenesergeev
Categories: National