By Scout Nelson
In the heart of Kansas, the arrival of summer brings the vibrant green of wheat fields and the sounds of harvest preparation. But beyond the annual wheat harvest lies a growing vision—one rooted in sustainability and inspired by the native prairie. This vision is perennial wheat.
For over two decades, researchers at The Land Institute have worked to create a wheat variety that grows back each year like prairie grass, reducing the need for replanting and preserving soil. By crossing annual durum wheat with intermediate wheatgrass—the same species behind Kernza grain—they have developed hybrids with perennial roots and the ability to produce grain for multiple years.
In 2010, the first 842 perennial wheat plants were created. By 2018, five of those lines were stable and could grow for several years. In 2022, more than 20 lines showed better yields and stronger root systems, even during Kansas's harsh weather.
Today, researchers across the U.S. and worldwide—from Australia to Italy—are testing and improving these lines. In Italy, scientists found high nutrient levels in certain wheat lines. Across the U.S. and Canada, universities and community scientists are testing the crop in many climates. In some backyards, perennial wheat has produced grain for three straight years.
The strong partnership with Washington State University has also added momentum. Their experience with perennial wheat breeding supports the shared goal of developing this innovative crop.
Perennial wheat offers many benefits: it protects soil, needs fewer inputs, and provides lasting harvests. “Each hybrid that survives another year is cause for celebration, and a glimpse of the future we’re working toward: one where deeply rooted perennial grains sustain our soils and our communities, year after year.”
The development of perennial wheat reflects the blend of agriculture and nature—the wheat fields and the prairie. With continued support from scientists and communities, perennial wheat is moving closer to becoming a lasting part of farming's future.
Photo Credit:gettyimages-ygrek
Categories: Kansas, Crops, Wheat, Weather